Abstract

Algal blooms are a recurring and increasingly prevalent phenomenon in marine science, characterized by the rapid proliferation of algae in aquatic environments. This article provides a comprehensive overview of algal blooms, focusing on their causes, consequences, and various management strategies. We delve into the factors responsible for the initiation and exacerbation of algal blooms, including nutrient enrichment, temperature, light, and harmful algal species. Furthermore, we explore the far-reaching consequences of these blooms, encompassing eutrophication, toxin production, and economic impacts. To address this critical issue, we discuss a range of management strategies, from nutrient reduction efforts to early detection and monitoring, chemical and mechanical control methods, and public awareness campaigns. By elucidating the complexities surrounding algal blooms, this article aims to inform scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders, fostering a collective effort to mitigate their adverse effects and promote the health and sustainability of marine ecosystems.