Abstract

To investigate the latest developments in amino acid metabolism and their regulatory implications in the context of aging, with a specific focus on addressing and treating age-related muscle loss (Sarcopenia). While the fundamental metabolism of amino acids may remain unaffected by age, older individuals appear to exhibit a diminished capacity to respond to anabolic signals such as insulin and, to a lesser extent, amino acids. Notably, compared to their younger counterparts, aged individuals experience a reduced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis after consuming mixed meals due to insulin resistance. Furthermore, the anabolic effect of amino acids seems to be less pronounced at lower doses. Recent studies, however, suggest that these age-related alterations in amino acid metabolism can be overcome through increased leucine provision, modifications in regular protein intake patterns, or exercise, all of which enhance the activation of translation initiation and muscle protein synthesis. The decline in muscle mass associated with aging is linked to significant changes in amino acid metabolism, and these changes can be acutely reversed through dietary adjustments and physical activity. Nevertheless, extensive clinical trials are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings in the elderly population and to ascertain whether dietary and exercise interventions can effectively prevent and treat sarcopenia in the long term.