Abstract

Aerosols, tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere, play a crucial role in influencing climate and air quality. These particles can originate from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and sea spray, as well as anthropogenic activities like industrial emissions, transportation, and agricultural practices. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of aerosols on climate systems, particularly their role in radiative forcing, cloud formation, and atmospheric chemistry. Aerosols can both cool the Earth's surface by reflecting sunlight and contribute to warming through the absorption of heat, leading to complex interactions within the climate system. Additionally, they significantly affect air quality, posing serious health risks to humans and ecosystems. The presence of aerosols can degrade visibility and lead to respiratory issues, particularly in urban areas with high pollution levels. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenges in accurately measuring aerosol concentrations and understanding their diverse effects on weather patterns, climate change, and public health. As global efforts to mitigate climate change intensify, addressing aerosol emissions and their impacts will be essential for improving air quality and enhancing our understanding of atmospheric processes.