Abstract

The evaluation of nephrotoxic potential in botanicals has been revolutionized by the application of modern toxicological tools. Traditional methods, such as animal models and histopathology, have limitations in predicting human toxicity accurately. This article highlights the advancements in toxicology that have enhanced the assessment of nephrotoxicity in botanicals. In vitro cellular models allow researchers to study the effects of botanical compounds on kidney cells, providing insights into cellular responses and mechanisms of toxicity. High-throughput screening enables rapid evaluation of multiple compounds, identifying those requiring further investigation. Omics technologies offer a comprehensive view of molecular changes induced by botanicals, aiding in identifying underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers. The integration of these tools has important regulatory implications, aiding evidencebased decision-making and identifying safer botanical alternatives. Collaboration between disciplines is crucial for maximizing the benefits of these tools. Advancements in toxicological tools contribute to improved risk assessment, informed decision-making, and the development of safer botanical products, ensuring the well-being of consumers while harnessing the potential of botanical medicine.