Abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Despite advances in traditional treatments, challenges persist in achieving long-term remission and minimizing side effects. Immunotherapy, leveraging the body’s immune system to combat cancer, has emerged as a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment. This article reviews the recent advancements in breast cancer immunotherapy, focusing on targeted treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and cancer vaccines, alongside strategies for immune system modulation, including tumor microenvironment modulation, cytokine therapy, and microbiome modulation. The discussion highlights the potential of these therapies, current challenges, and future directions in achieving personalized and effective breast cancer treatment.