Abstract

Biopolymers have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics due to their renewable nature and potential for biodegradability. However, challenges remain in their effective biodegradation and sustainable management. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in biodegradation techniques for various biopolymers, including polysaccharides, proteins, and polyesters. We discuss biological, chemical, and physical methods employed to enhance the biodegradation process, highlighting the role of microorganisms and enzymes. Additionally, the review explores management practices aimed at improving biopolymer sustainability, such as circular economy approaches, waste management strategies, and policy implications. The findings underscore the importance of integrating biodegradation techniques with sustainable management practices to mitigate the environmental impact of biopolymers and promote a more sustainable future.