Abstract

Veterinary pharmacology plays a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of animals in both agricultural and companion settings. This article reviews recent advancements in veterinary pharmacology, focusing on novel therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and emerging trends in the field. The importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in veterinary medicine is discussed, highlighting their relevance in optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Furthermore, the integration of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine approaches into veterinary practice is explored, emphasizing their potential to enhance treatment outcomes and safety profiles. The article concludes by identifying future research directions and challenges that need to be addressed to further advance veterinary pharmacology.