Abstract

Dental pathology encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting the oral cavity, teeth, and surrounding structures. This comprehensive review examines the latest advances in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of various dental pathologies. It discusses the role of genetics, microbiology, immunology, and environmental factors in the development of dental diseases. Diagnostic modalities such as clinical examination, radiography, and histopathology are explored, along with emerging technologies like molecular diagnostics and imaging techniques. Additionally, the review highlights current treatment strategies including preventive measures, conservative interventions, and surgical approaches tailored to different dental pathologies. Future directions for research and potential innovations in the field are also discussed.