Abstract

Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, has become an essential tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. Proteins are the main functional components of plant cells, and their roles in cellular processes range from enzymatic catalysis to structural support and signal transduction. Advances in plant proteomics over the past few decades have provided unprecedented insights into the proteomic landscape of plants, helping researchers to elucidate protein functions, interactions, and modifications in various biological contexts. This manuscript highlights the recent advancements in plant proteomics, focusing on the identification of novel plant proteins, their post-translational modifications, and the interactions that regulate critical processes like stress response, growth, and metabolism. We also discuss the integration of proteomic data with genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic information to gain a more holistic understanding of plant biology. Furthermore, we explore the applications of plant proteomics in crop improvement, particularly in the areas of stress tolerance, disease resistance, and yield enhancement. By continuing to refine proteomic technologies and methods, plant scientists are poised to unlock the full potential of proteomics for advancing plant science and improving agricultural sustainability.