Abstract

Advancements in pharmacokinetic modeling have revolutionized drug development and clinical practice by providing quantitative insights into drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This article reviews the evolution of pharmacokinetic modeling from theoretical foundations to practical applications. It discusses key methodologies including compartmental models, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, and population pharmacokinetics. The integration of computational techniques with physiological and molecular data has enhanced model accuracy, enabling personalized medicine approaches and optimizing drug dosing strategies. Despite challenges in model validation and data integration, ongoing innovations promise to further refine pharmacokinetic modeling, driving advancements in drug discovery, clinical trial design, and therapeutic management.