Abstract

Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, a specialized discipline within the field of dentistry, has witnessed a remarkable evolution in recent years. This field plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of various oral and maxillofacial conditions, offering invaluable insights through radiological imaging techniques. This comprehensive review explores the historical development and contemporary advancements in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, shedding light on the transformative impact of technology and innovative applications. The historical journey of this field, from traditional radiography to the era of digital imaging, three-dimensional reconstructions, and artificial intelligence, is examined, providing context for the current state of the discipline. With an emphasis on the latest trends and emerging applications, this review underscores the significant role that radiology plays in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient care. The adoption of digital imaging and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has not only enhanced the precision of diagnoses but has also reduced radiation exposure, making it safer for patients. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence in image analysis and interpretation holds the promise of further improving the speed and accuracy of diagnoses. In the clinical realm, the impact of these advances is evident in the ability to diagnose conditions such as temporomandibular joint disorders, impacted teeth, bone lesions, and oral cancers with greater confidence. Radiological imaging has become an indispensable component in planning complex surgical procedures, facilitating better outcomes for patients. Looking toward the future, ongoing research and development efforts are aimed at reducing radiation exposure even further while improving image quality. Integration with other medical disciplines and the growing adoption of teledentistry and teleimaging are expanding the scope of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.