Abstract

Mucosal vaccination represents a promising approach to enhance immune protection against a variety of pathogens. This review explores recent advancements in mucosal vaccination strategies, focusing on their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and potential applications. Key topics include the development of novel mucosal adjuvants, delivery systems, and the immunological responses elicited at mucosal surfaces. Additionally, the challenges and future directions in the field are discussed, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to overcome barriers and enhance vaccine efficacy.