Abstract

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in modern medicine, offering significant benefits over traditional open surgeries. This article explores the evolution, techniques, and applications of MIS, emphasizing its advantages, such as reduced recovery time, minimized scarring, and decreased risk of complications. The discussion also highlights recent advancements, including robotic-assisted surgery and imaging innovations, and evaluates their impact on patient outcomes. Despite the challenges of steep learning curves and high initial costs, MIS continues to transform surgical practices across multiple specialties. The article concludes by addressing future directions in research, education, and technology to further refine MIS techniques and broaden their accessibility.