Abstract

The reduction in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant public health milestone, particularly in the United States. Historically, without intervention, the risk of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child was as high as 25-30%. However, through the implementation of comprehensive prevention strategies, including routine HIV testing, counseling, antiretroviral medication, cesarean delivery, and discouraging breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers, the MTCT rate has dramatically decreased to less than 2%. This communication article explores the impact of these interventions on reducing MTCT rates, emphasizing the pivotal role of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing viral load and minimizing transmission risk. It discusses the importance of early HIV diagnosis during pregnancy, optimal delivery methods, and safe infant feeding practices to further mitigate transmission risks. Challenges and future directions in global HIV prevention efforts are also addressed, highlighting the need for continued investment in healthcare infrastructure and access to essential medications to replicate successful outcomes seen in developed nations. The progress achieved in combating MTCT of HIV underscores the effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches and advances in medical science. This success serves as a beacon of hope, inspiring ongoing efforts to create a world where MTCT of HIV is a rare occurrence, ensuring healthier futures for mothers and children worldwide.