Abstract

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as a pivotal technique in pharmaceutical analysis, facilitating the separation, identification, and quantification of diverse compounds with unparalleled precision and sensitivity. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in HPLC methodologies for pharmaceutical analysis. We discuss innovations in column technologies, stationary phases, mobile phase compositions, and detection systems that have enhanced the efficiency, sensitivity, and robustness of HPLC assays. Furthermore, we highlight the application of HPLC in various stages of drug development and quality control, including drug discovery, formulation analysis, pharmacokinetic studies, and impurity profiling. Finally, we address emerging trends and future directions in HPLC research, such as miniaturization, hyphenated techniques, and the integration of artificial intelligence for data analysis.