Abstract

Advancements in computed tomography (CT) technology have significantly transformed diagnostic imaging, evolving from traditional 2D imaging to sophisticated 3D and beyond. This review examines the progression of CT technology, highlighting key innovations and their impact on clinical practice. Early CT systems provided valuable 2D cross-sectional images, but recent developments have introduced high-resolution 3D imaging, enabling detailed visualization of anatomical structures and pathology. The advent of multidetector CT (MDCT) and cone-beam CT has further enhanced imaging capabilities, offering improved spatial resolution, faster acquisition times, and the ability to perform volumetric analysis. 

Additionally, advancements in iterative reconstruction techniques and dual-energy CT have refined image quality and diagnostic accuracy while reducing radiation dose. Emerging technologies, including photon-counting detectors and artificial intelligence, promise to drive the next generation of CT imaging by enhancing image quality, automating analysis, and optimizing dose management. This review provides an overview of these technological advancements, discusses their clinical applications, and explores future directions for CT imaging. By tracing the evolution from 2D to advanced 3D and beyond, this review underscores the transformative impact of CT technology on modern radiology and its potential to improve patient outcomes.