Abstract

Transplantation in respiratory medicine has experienced significant advancements, offering new hope for patients with end-stage lung diseases. Innovations in surgical techniques, such as single-lung and double-lung transplantation, alongside improvements in immunosuppressive therapies, have markedly enhanced patient outcomes and survival rates. However, the field continues to face substantial challenges, including a persistent shortage of donor organs, the complexities of managing graft rejection, and long-term graft survival issues. This article reviews recent progress in lung transplantation, highlighting key advancements such as ex-vivo lung perfusion, personalized immunosuppressive strategies, and regenerative medicine approaches. It also addresses ongoing challenges and ethical considerations, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions in respiratory transplantation.