Abstract

Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in the management of gynecologic cancers, including cervical, endometrial, vaginal, vulvar, and ovarian malignancies. This review explores the evolution of radiotherapy techniques, their clinical applications, and the challenges faced in optimizing treatment outcomes. With the advent of technologies such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and brachytherapy, significant strides have been made in improving precision and minimizing toxicity. However, disparities in access, radiation-induced morbidities, and the need for personalized treatment strategies persist as challenges. This article also examines the integration of radiotherapy with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, highlighting the potential for improved survival rates and quality of life. Future directions include further research on biomarkers for radiotherapy response and the application of artificial intelligence in treatment planning.