Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of wheat breeding practices in Croatia, a country with a rich agricultural heritage deeply intertwined with wheat cultivation. The research delves into historical milestones, current methodologies, and future prospects in the realm of wheat breeding. Through a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating insights from agronomy, genetics, and environmental science, this investigation aims to elucidate the critical role of innovative breeding techniques in bolstering crop yield, disease resistance, and adaptability to local agro-climatic conditions. The paper begins by contextualizing Croatia's agricultural landscape, highlighting the significance of wheat farming within the nation's broader agricultural sector. It acknowledges the challenges faced by the industry, including evolving climate patterns and emerging pest pressures, underscoring the urgency for advancements in wheat breeding practices. The study draws on a synthesis of primary data, field surveys, and interviews with key stakeholders in the agricultural community, providing a nuanced understanding of current breeding strategies and their impact on crop performance.

Furthermore, this research identifies key genetic markers and breeding objectives that have contributed to the development of high-performing wheat varieties in Croatia. It also evaluates the adoption of modern biotechnological tools, such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, in the wheat breeding process. Through a comparative analysis with international best practices, the study offers insights into potential areas for further improvement and innovation. Ultimately, this study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners engaged in wheat breeding and agriculture in Croatia. By elucidating the successes and challenges within the field, it provides a foundation for future research endeavors aimed at enhancing the resilience and productivity of Croatia's wheat farming sector in the face of evolving agricultural landscapes and global demands.