Abstract

Advancements in toxicology have significantly enhanced the capabilities of forensic pathologists in determining the cause of death and elucidating complex cases involving chemical exposures. This review explores the latest developments in toxicological methodologies, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, novel biomarker identification, and the integration of artificial intelligence in toxicological assessments. We examine how these innovations improve the accuracy and efficiency of post-mortem toxicological analyses, enabling forensic pathologists to detect a broader range of substances, including emerging drugs and environmental toxins. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these advancements for legal proceedings, including the challenges of interpreting toxicological data in the context of multi-drug interactions and chronic exposure scenarios. By highlighting case studies that exemplify these technological advancements, this article underscores the critical role of forensic pathologists in the evolving field of toxicology and its impact on public health and safety.