Abstract

Molecular biology, a dynamic field at the intersection of biology and technology, has undergone a paradigm shift propelled by groundbreaking advancements in methods and techniques. This comprehensive review navigates through the intricacies of contemporary molecular biology, shedding light on the transformative tools that have revolutionized our understanding of biological systems. From the precision of next-generation sequencing to the prowess of genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, and the depth of structural insights offered by cryo-electron microscopy, this article provides an exhaustive exploration of the state-of-the-art methodologies. The realms of proteomics, transcriptomics, and emerging technologies like synthetic biology and nanotechnology are also traversed, offering a panoramic view of the expansive landscape of molecular biology. Through this survey, researchers, educators, and practitioners will gain valuable insights into the current methodologies driving scientific discovery and the potential future trajectories of this rapidly evolving field.