Abstract

The evolution of fabrication techniques for permanent dentures has revolutionized prosthodontics, offering improved aesthetics, functionality, and patient satisfaction. This review explores advancements in traditional methods, digital technologies, and material sciences that have enhanced the quality and efficiency of denture fabrication. Emerging technologies such as CAD/CAM and 3D printing are examined alongside innovations in biocompatible and wearresistant materials. The integration of patient-specific design and customization has also been highlighted, offering new possibilities for addressing clinical challenges. Future directions include the potential of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology to further improve denture design and production.