Abstract

Acid rain is a form of precipitation that is significantly more acidic than normal rainwater. This environmental phenomenon results from the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) into the atmosphere, which then react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids fall to the ground with rain, snow, fog, or dust, leading to a range of environmental and health issues. Understanding the causes, effects, and potential solutions for acid rain is crucial for mitigating its impact on ecosystems and human society.