Abstract

In clinical practice, forefoot problems are frequently observed. Pain and deformity in the forefoot can affect gait function and lower quality of life. The common forefoot conditions discussed in this review are treated conservatively with an orthosis or insole. The Metatarsal (MT) area of the foot is affected by the painful ailment known as metatarsalgia. MT pain can be reduced by using an MT pad, MT bar, or forefoot cushion. A deformity called hallux valgus is defined by lateral deviation of the hallux and medial deviation of the first MT. Patients with hallux valgus frequently use a toe spreader, valgus splint, and bunion shield. Hallux limitus and hallux rigidus are painful restrictions on the first metatarsophalangeal joint's ability to dorsiflex. Using a rocker sole or kinetic wedge foot orthosis can help ease hallux limitus or rigidus problems. Sagittal plane abnormalities of the lesser toes include hammer, claw, and mallet toes. Highpressure areas in the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints, as well as underneath the MT heads, might be covered with toe sleeves or cushioning. Insoles with MT off-loading can also be utilized to treat symptoms brought on by smaller toe abnormalities. A benign neuroma of the intermetatarsal plantar nerve called Morton's neuroma is a painful condition that affects the MT region. A more cushioned insole, the plantar pad, or the MT bar would all be beneficial.