Abstract

There has been a significant increase in the number of patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PCa) over the last decade, leading to a substantial rise of pre-transplant patients with a history of cured PCa. Currently, Radical Prostatectomy (RP) and brachytherapy using isotope seeds are good alternatives for treatment of localized low risk PCa. In this case, we performed a cadaveric renal transplantation for a patient who 7 years previously underwent radioactive seed implantation therapy for low risk PCa, as defined by the D’Amico classification system. The patient was a 66-year-old man with a history of hemodialysis for 24 years. Although radiation therapy can cause unfavorable inflammatory changes such as adhesions, we did not encounter any intraoperative difficulty, and the postoperative course has been uneventful and serum prostate specific antigen has remained undetectable even about 2 years after the transplant. In conclusion, We suggests that the brachytherapy for localized low-risk PCa seems to be a valid option for patients awaiting renal transplantation, and its lower invasiveness can be of great advantage to such PCa patients because the pre-transplant population often has a higher risk of perioperative complications due to longterm dialysis. However, careful perioperative anesthesia management is essential to perform the procedure for such potentially high risk patients.

Keywords: Prostate cancer; Radioactive seed implantation therapy; Renal transplantation; Hemodialysis