Abstract

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also known as ErbB2, is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor family. It plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, division, and differentiation. HER2 is of significant interest in the field of cancer research due to its involvement in various malignancies, particularly breast cancer. HER2 is a proto-oncogene, and when it is overexpressed or amplified, it can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor formation. The overexpression of HER2 is observed in approximately 20-30% of breast cancers and is associated with more aggressive disease progression. It has become a vital biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, targeted therapies such as trastuzumab (Herceptin) and pertuzumab (Perjeta) have been developed to specifically inhibit HER2 signaling in breast cancer patients with HER2-positive tumors. These treatments have shown significant clinical benefits and have improved the prognosis for many patients. Understanding the biology and signaling pathways of HER2 has led to the development of innovative strategies for diagnosing and treating HER2-positive cancers. Ongoing research continues to explore new therapeutic approaches and better understand the role of HER2 in various cancer types, offering hope for improved outcomes and personalized treatment options for patients with HER2- driven malignancies.