Abstract

Exosomes are extremely tiny extracellular vesicles that are widely dispersed in a variety of bodily fluids and are released by several cell types. Exosomes may help control the tumour microenvironment and have an effect on the growth and spread of tumours, according to recent studies. Exosomes have come into attention in the hunt for a novel cancer therapy strategy because of their widespread involvement in cancer formation. Small chemicals, proteins, and RNAs can be therapeutically delivered to cancer cells with great efficiency using exosomes. Proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids transported by exosomes are being investigated as prospective targets for cancer treatment as well as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, several exosome sources display a range of abilities in cancer applications. We describe the precise method by which exosomes alter the interaction between tumours and the microenvironment in this review, as well as the therapeutic and diagnostic uses of exosomes in cancer.