Abstract

Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) are a broad category of diseases marked by extreme immune system overactivity. A combination of host variables, including genetic risk and predisposing diseases, as well as acute triggers such infections, cause CSS in the majority of patients. Compared to children, who are more prone to present with monogenic variants of these illnesses, CSS appear differently in adults. Individual CSS are uncommon, but together they are a significant contributor of serious sickness in both children and adults. We provide three uncommon, representative cases of CSS in young patients that illustrate the range of CSS. Chronic respiratory disorders (CRDs), particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are becoming more common and are carrying a heavier burden globally. Notably, the research on the global burden of disease notes that, on average, 545 million people worldwide experience chronic respiratory conditions. This is responsible for over 3.9 million fatalities per year. Additionally, with an 18% growth in the past few years, CRDs now account for a significant share of disability-adjusted life years globally.