Abstract

Currently, the least expensive and damaging way to remove xenobiotics from the environment is by bioremediation of contaminated soil or groundwater. Microorganisms that can degrade particular toxins can be immobilised, which promotes bioremediation procedures, lowers their costs, and enables the use of biocatalysts many times. Due to its ease of use and lack of toxicity, adsorption on surfaces is the most popular way of immobilisation among developed methods used in bioremediation. A successful bioremediation depends on the carrier of choice. The type of process (in situ or ex situ), the type of pollution, and the characteristics of immobilised microorganisms should all be taken into account. For these reasons, the article summarises recent scientific studies on the effectiveness of using natural carriers in bioremediation.