Abstract

This abstract explores the intricate world of chromatographic separation, delving into its principles, techniques, and diverse applications. Chromatography, a powerful analytical method, involves the separation of components within a mixture based on their differential interactions with a stationary and mobile phase. The historical evolution of chromatography, starting with Mikhail Tsvet’s separation of plant pigments, is discussed. Various chromatographic techniques, including Gas Chromatography (GC), Liquid Chromatography (LC), and Ion Chromatography (IC), are examined in terms of their principles and applications. The abstract highlights chromatography’s role in biochemical and clinical analyses, its application in environmental studies, and recent technicolor innovations such as multidimensional chromatography and hyphenated techniques.