Abstract

Pain management is vital for patients with acute or chronic pain. Single-mode therapies, like opioids, NSAIDs, or physical therapy, have limitations and side effects. Combination therapies, which blend multiple treatment modalities, provide a more comprehensive approach by targeting different pain mechanisms and offering synergistic benefits. This study examines pharmacological combinations (e.g., opioids with NSAIDs or antidepressants) and non-pharmacological combinations (e.g., physical therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy or acupuncture with massage). It also discusses integrating these approaches, such as using medications with physical therapy. Challenges, benefits, and the need for personalized treatment and further research are highlighted. Understanding these therapies’ mechanisms and advancing personalized medicine can optimize pain management practices in clinical settings.