Abstract

Autistic Disorder, commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The disorder manifests in early childhood and varies widely in severity. While genetic and environmental factors contribute to its etiology, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Early diagnosis and intervention significantly enhance the quality of life and developmental outcomes for affected individuals. This article explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic interventions, and recent research advancements in ASD, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of this complex disorder.