Abstract

This case study investigates the combined toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of plant protection products (PPPs) on living organisms. The study aims to understand how the interaction between toxicokinetics (the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals) and toxicodynamics (the mechanisms of toxicity and their doseresponse relationships) contributes to the overall toxicity of PPPs. The research methodology involved the examination of various PPPs and their individual components, assessing their toxicokinetic profiles, and elucidating their toxicodynamic mechanisms. Different species, including mammals and non-target organisms, were considered to understand the potential cross-species variations in toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic responses. Toxicokinetic evaluations focused on the absorption of PPPs into the body, their distribution within tissues, their metabolic transformation, and their elimination pathways. These assessments provided insights into the bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and persistence of PPPs in organisms.

Keywords: Case study; Toxicokinetic; Toxicodynamic; Combination effects; Plant protection products