Innovative Energy & Research
Open Access

Crude glycerine; Energy security; Reduced emissions

Introduction

The quest for sustainable energy sources and the reduction of industrial waste have become paramount in our modern world. As we navigate the challenges of an ever-evolving energy landscape and confront the consequences of excessive waste generation, novel solutions emerge to address these intertwined issues. One such innovative solution lies in the often-overlooked byproduct of biodiesel production: crude glycerin. Crude glycerin, once considered a problematic waste material, is now being explored for its untapped potential in the production of synthetic gas (syngas) and, subsequently, its role in generating electricity [2-3].

Biodiesel, a renewable and cleaner-burning alternative to traditional fossil fuels, has gained widespread adoption due to its environmental benefits. However, the biodiesel production process generates a substantial quantity of crude glycerin, typically comprising approximately 10% of the total weight of the biodiesel produced. Disposing of this crude glycerin has posed significant challenges to biodiesel producers, as it can be costly and environmentally problematic. Finding a sustainable and economically viable solution for this waste product is essential to the continued growth of the biodiesel industry and, more broadly, to the principles of sustainable industrial practices.

Syngas, a versatile gaseous mixture primarily composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), has gained prominence in recent years as a clean and adaptable energy source. Syngas can be employed in various applications, ranging from electricity generation to industrial heating and chemical synthesis. One of the intriguing possibilities emerging from recent research is the conversion of crude glycerin into syngas through a process known as gasification [4].

The gasification of crude glycerin involves subjecting this waste material to elevated temperatures and carefully controlled levels of oxygen or steam, resulting in the breakdown of glycerin into its constituent gases—primarily CO and H2. The produced syngas can then be further processed, cleaned, and converted into electricity using various technologies, such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or fuel cells.

This article delves into the utilization of crude glycerin for syngas production and its potential for electricity generation, examining the steps involved in the process, its advantages, and the challenges that must be addressed to realize its full potential. By transforming what was once considered a waste product into a valuable resource, we not only reduce the environmental impact of biodiesel production but also contribute to renewable energy sources, energy security, and emissions reduction, all of which are critical components of a sustainable and cleaner energy future [5].

Discussion

Crude glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel production, has long been considered a waste material with limited applications. However, as industries seek more sustainable solutions and reduce waste, crude glycerin has gained attention for its potential in various applications. One such application is the production of synthetic gas (syngas), which can subsequently be used for electricity generation. This article explores the utilization of crude glycerin for syngas production and its potential role in generating electricity [6].

1. The crude glycerin challenge

Biodiesel production generates a significant amount of crude glycerin as a byproduct, typically comprising around 10% of the biodiesel's total weight. Disposing of this waste product can be costly and environmentally problematic. Therefore, finding alternative uses for crude glycerin is not only economically beneficial but also ecologically responsible.

2. Syngas production from crude glycerin

Syngas, often called synthesis gas, is a versatile fuel gas mixture composed primarily of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). It is used in a variety of applications, including electricity generation, heating, and chemical synthesis. Producing syngas from crude glycerin involves a process known as gasification. This process can be divided into several steps:

2.1. Feedstock preparation: Crude glycerin is first purified and pre-processed to remove impurities, such as water and salts that can interfere with gasification.

2.2. Gasification: The purified crude glycerin is then subjected to high temperatures and controlled amounts of oxygen or steam in a pacifier. This process breaks down the glycerin into its constituent gases, primarily CO and H2, along with some carbon dioxide (CO2).

2.3. Clean up: The produced gas undergoes further cleaning to remove impurities like sulfur compounds and particulates, ensuring a clean syngas stream.

2.4. Conversion: Finally, the syngas can be converted into electricity through various methods, such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or fuel cells.

3. Advantages of using crude glycerin for syngas production

3.1. Waste Valorisation: Utilizing crude glycerin for syngas production transforms what was once a waste product into a valuable resource, reducing the environmental impact of biodiesel production.

3.2. Renewable energy: Syngas can be used as a renewable energy source, as crude glycerin is derived from biodiesel, which is often produced from renewable feedstocks like vegetable oils.

3.3. Energy security: By diversifying the sources of energy generation, the utilization of crude glycerin for syngas production can contribute to energy security and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

3.4. Reduced emissions: When combusted for electricity generation, syngas produced from crude glycerin generally results in lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels [7,8].

4. Challenges and considerations

While the utilization of crude glycerin for syngas production holds promise, there are challenges and considerations to keep in mind:

4.1. Efficiency: The gasification process can be energy-intensive, and achieving high conversion efficiencies can be challenging. Continuous research and development are essential to optimize the process.

4.2. Cost: Initial capital investments for gasification equipment and infrastructure may be significant, and the economic viability of such projects depends on various factors, including feedstock availability and energy market conditions.

4.3. Feedstock quality: The quality of crude glycerin can vary, affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of gasification. Proper feedstock pretreatment is essential.

4.4. Environmental impact: While syngas is generally cleaner than some fossil fuels, gasification processes still produce emissions and require careful environmental management [9,10].

Conclusion

The utilization of crude glycerin for synthetic gas production and subsequent electricity generation offers an innovative solution to address the challenges associated with biodiesel production waste. By converting this waste material into a valuable energy resource, we can reduce environmental impacts, enhance energy security, and promote sustainable practices in the biodiesel industry. While challenges remain, ongoing research and development efforts continue to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of this technology, making it a promising avenue for a more sustainable energy future.

1. Wan Nik WB, Ani FB, Masjuki HH, Eng Giap SG (2005) Rheology of Bio-edible Oils According to Several Rheology Models and its Potential as Hydraulic Fluid. Ind Crops Prod 22: 249-255.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

2. Kasolang S, Ahmad MA, Bakar MAA, Hamid AHA (2012) Specific Wear Rate of Kenaf Epoxy Composite and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Epoxy Composite in Dry Sliding. J. Teknol 58: 85-88.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

3. Syahrullail S, Zubil BM, Azwadi CSN, Ridzuan MJM (2011) Experimental Evaluation of Palm Oil as Lubricant in Cold Forward Extrusion Process. IJMS 53: 549-555.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Syahrullail S, Nakanishi K, Kamitani S (2005) Investigation of the Effects of Frictional Constraint with Application of Palm Olein Oil Lubricant and Paraffin Mineral Oil Lubricant on Plastic Deformation by Plane Strain Extrusion.  J. Jpn. Soc. Tribol 50: 877-885.

Indexed at, Google Scholar    

5. Kasolang S, Ahmad MA, Joyce RSD (2011) Measurement of Circumferential Viscosity Profile in Stationary Journal Bearing by Shear Ultrasonic Reflection. Tribol. Int 44: 1264-1270.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

6. Hwai CO, Mahlia T, Masjuki H, Norhasyima RS (2011) Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15: 3501-3515.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

7. Tiong CI, Azli Y, Rafiq AKM, Syahrullail S (2012) Tribological Evaluation of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Stearin using Four-ball Tribotester with Different Normal Loads. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 13: 633-640.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

8. Wan N, WB, Maleque MA, Ani FN, Masjuki HH (2007) Experimental Investigation on System Performance using Palm Oil as Hydraulic Fluid ILT 59: 200-208.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

9. Syahrullail S, Tiong CI, Rafiq AKM, Azli Y (2012) The Effect of Temperature on the Tribological Behavior of RBD Palm Stearinx. Tribol Trans 55: 539-548.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

10. Lawal SA, Nukman Y (2012) Application of vegetable oil-based metalworking fluids in machining ferrous metals: A review. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 52: 1-12.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref