Journal of Pharmacokinetics & Experimental Therapeutics
Open Access

Skin pharmacology; Drug skin interactions; Experimental model; Drug permeation; Innovative therapies

Introduction

The skin serves as a dynamic interface between the body and its environment, performing vital functions such as protection, sensation, and thermoregulation. Consequently, understanding skin pharmacology—how drugs interact with and affect the skin—is essential for the development of dermatological treatments and cosmetics. To unravel the complexities of skin pharmacology, researchers rely on experimental models that mimic the structure and function of human skin. In this article, we delve into the experimental models of skin pharmacology, exploring their intricacies, applications, and significance in advancing dermatological research and therapeutic interventions [1].

Understanding skin pharmacology

Skin pharmacology encompasses the study of how drugs, formulations, and cosmetic ingredients interact with the skin to elicit therapeutic effects or adverse reactions. The unique structure of the skin, consisting of multiple layers and specialized cell types, presents challenges and opportunities for researchers aiming to elucidate drug permeation, absorption, metabolism, and efficacy [2,3].

Experimental models in skin pharmacology

In vitro models:

 In vitro models involve the use of isolated skin cells, tissue samples, or reconstructed skin equivalents to study drug-skin interactions under controlled conditions. These models offer advantages such as reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and ethical considerations compared to in vivo studies [4]. Reconstructed skin equivalents, comprising layers of keratinocytes and fibroblasts cultured on a scaffold, closely mimic the structure and function of human skin, making them valuable tools for evaluating drug permeation, irritation, and efficacy [5].

Ex vivo models:

Ex vivo models utilize human or animal skin samples obtained from surgical procedures or cadavers to study drug penetration and metabolism [6]. Ex vivo skin provides a physiologically relevant environment, allowing researchers to assess drug distribution within the skin layers and quantify drug concentrations over time. Additionally, ex vivo models enable the evaluation of formulation properties, such as vehicle effects and drug release kinetics, on skin permeation [7].

In vivo models:

In vivo models involve the administration of drugs or formulations to live animals, typically rodents or pigs, to evaluate systemic and local effects on the skin [8,9]. While in vivo studies provide valuable insights into pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profiles, they also raise ethical and regulatory considerations. Nevertheless, animal models remain indispensable for assessing the efficacy of dermatological treatments, investigating inflammatory responses, and studying wound healing processes [10].

Conclusion

Experimental models of skin pharmacology serve as invaluable tools for unraveling the complexities of drug-skin interactions and advancing dermatological research and therapeutics. By utilizing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, researchers can elucidate mechanisms of action, optimize drug formulations, and develop innovative treatments for a wide range of skin conditions. As technology continues to evolve, the refinement and integration of experimental models will further enhance our understanding of skin pharmacology and pave the way for personalized dermatological interventions tailored to individual patient needs.

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