Journal of Orthopedic Oncology
Open Access

Pelvic bone cancer; Bone Microarchitecture; Fatigue; Biopsy; CT scans

Introduction

Ewing’s sarcoma, another type of bone cancer, can also affect the pelvis, but it is more common in children and young adults. Symptoms of pelvic bone cancer can vary depending on the type of cancer and the location of the tumor [1]. The most common symptoms of pelvic bone cancer include pain in the pelvis, hip, or lower back that worsens over time, swelling or a mass in the pelvic area, and difficulty walking or standing. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, and fever [2].

The diagnosis of pelvic bone cancer typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, as well as a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small piece of the tumor is removed and examined under a microscope to determine the type of cancer. The treatment of pelvic bone cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. The primary treatment for pelvic bone cancer is surgery, which involves the removal of the tumor and some surrounding tissue. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in addition to surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells [3]. Chemotherapy, which is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, may also be used in some cases. The prognosis for pelvic bone cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer. The five-year survival rate for primary pelvic bone cancer is approximately 65%, whereas the five-year survival rate for secondary pelvic bone cancer is approximately 20%. However, these survival rates are based on averages and may vary depending on the individual patient’s age, overall health, and other factors [4].

Method

One of the biggest challenges in treating pelvic bone cancer is preserving the patient’s quality of life. The pelvis is a complex structure that plays an important role in many basic activities, such as walking, standing, and sitting. Surgery to remove a tumor from the pelvis can be very difficult and may require the use of specialized surgical techniques to preserve as much of the pelvic structure as possible. In addition to the physical challenges of treating pelvic bone cancer, patients may also experience emotional and psychological distress. Coping with a cancer diagnosis and undergoing treatment can be very stressful and can have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. It is important for patients to have access to supportive care [5], including counseling, social support, and palliative care, to help them manage the emotional and physical challenges of cancer treatment. pelvic bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. The prognosis for pelvic bone cancer varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer, but treatment typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Preserving the patient’s quality of life is an important consideration in treating pelvic bone cancer, and patients may benefit from supportive care to help them cope with the emotional and physical challenges of cancer treatment [6]. Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that arises from the connective tissues of the body, including the bones, muscles, cartilage, and fat. It can affect people of any age, but it is more common in children and young adults. Sarcoma can be classified into two main types: soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma [7].

Results

Soft tissue sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the soft tissues of the body, including the muscles, tendons, and cartilage. The most common types of soft tissue sarcoma include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcoma can occur in any part of the body, but it is most commonly found in the limbs, trunk, and head and neck region. Bone sarcoma, also known as primary bone cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the bones of the body. The most common types of bone sarcoma include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma. Bone sarcoma can occur in any bone of the body, but it is most commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs [8]. The symptoms of sarcoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. The most common symptoms of soft tissue sarcoma include a painless lump or swelling, pain or discomfort, and difficulty moving the affected area. Bone sarcoma can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected bone, as well as a decreased range of motion [9].

The diagnosis of sarcoma typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, as well as a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small piece of the tumor is removed and examined under a microscope to determine the type of cancer. The treatment of sarcoma depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. The primary treatment for sarcoma is surgery, which involves the removal of the tumor and some surrounding tissue. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in addition to surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy, which is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, may also be used in some cases [10].

Discussion

The prognosis for sarcoma varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer. The five-year survival rate for soft tissue sarcoma is approximately 65%, whereas the five-year survival rate for bone sarcoma is approximately 70%. However, these survival rates are based on averages and may vary depending on the individual patient’s age, overall health, and other factors. One of the biggest challenges in treating sarcoma is preserving the patient’s quality of life. Surgery to remove a tumor from the soft tissues or bones can be very difficult and may require the use of specialized surgical techniques to preserve as much of the surrounding tissue as possible. In addition, the treatment of sarcoma can have a significant impact on the patient’s ability to perform daily activities, such as walking, standing, and sitting.

In addition to the physical challenges of treating sarcoma, patients may also experience emotional and psychological distress. Coping with a cancer diagnosis and undergoing treatment can be very stressful and can have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. It is important for patients to have access to supportive care, including counseling, social support, and palliative care, to help them manage the emotional and physical challenges of cancer treatment. sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. The prognosis for sarcoma varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer, but treatment typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and/ or chemotherapy. Preserving the patient’s quality of life is an important consideration in treating sarcoma, and patients may benefit from supportive care.

Multiple lines of evidence are presented in this study to demonstrate that Runx1-mediated transcription of the P2X3R gene via activation of GDNF-GFRa1-Ret-ERK signaling contributes to the sensitization of DRG neurons and the onset of cancer-associated pain. To start with, we verified that the record factor Runx1 could straightforwardly upregulate the transcriptional movement of P2X3R quality advertiser in PC12 cells, and the upregulation of Runx1-interceded P2X3R quality record credits the sharpening of DRG neurons and the malignant growth torment improvement. Runx1 is a Runt domain transcription factor that is thought to be involved in regulating the expression of numerous ion channels and receptors in DRG neurons, including ATP-gated P2X3R, as well as regulating the differentiation of neurons that express the neurotrophin receptor Ret . In accordance with this understanding, we discovered that Runx1 and P2X3R colocalized in DRG neurons and were expressed more strongly in cancer-bearing rat DRG neurons. This raises the possibility that Runx1 regulates the transcription of the P2X3R gene. In fact, our findings from transient transfection experiments on PC12 cells demonstrate that Runx1 directly enhances the activity of the P2X3R gene promoter in these cells, corroborating this idea. Additionally, due to the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling caused by the phosphorylated Runx1 modification is known to influence Runx1’s transcriptional activity and stabilization.

Conclusion

In bone metastasis model rats, the elevated level of phosphorylated Runx1 at the serine 249 residue (pRunx1Ser249) in ipsilateral L4/5 DRGs strongly suggests that Runx1 has increased transcriptional activity, which may explain the upregulation of Runx1-mediated P2X3R gene transcription under these conditions. In point of fact, it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor Runx1, which has a specific interaction with the P2X3R proximal gene promoter region, increases the activity of the P2X3R gene promoter, and that a rat model of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain shows an enrichment of Runx1 at the P2X3R gene promoter in conjunction with increased P2X3R gene transcription. Also, Runx1 is involved to direct a few agony reactions, including provocative agony and neuropathic torment. According to Chen, mice lacking Runx1 have particular problems with thermal and neuropathic pain. whereas Runx1 activation after birth increases neuropathic pain sensitivity. Overexpressing Runx1 in DRG neurons promotes P2X3R gene transcription and enhances neuronal excitability and pain sensitivity in naive rats, as we demonstrated here, whereas knocking down Runx1 in DRG neurons suppresses P2X3R gene transcription and attenuates neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in tumor-bearing rats.

1. Jeffcoate WJ, Harding KG (2003) Diabetic foot ulcers.Lancet 361(9368): 1545-1551.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

2. Harjutsalo V, Groop PH (2014) Epidemiology and risk factors for diabetic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 21: 260-266.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

3. Hudish LI, Reusch JE, Sussel L (2019) Β cell dysfunction during progression of metabolic syndrome to type 2 diabetes. J Clin Investig 129: 4001-4008.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Jung CH, Son JW, Kang S, Kim WJ, Kim H, et al. (2021) Diabetes fact sheets in korea, 2020: An appraisal of current status. Diabetes Metab J 45: 1-10.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

5. La Li J, Shangguan H, Chen X, Ye X, Zhong B, et al. (2020) Advanced glycation end product levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients. Open Life Sci 15: 364-372.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

6. Choi H,  Koo D, Yim J (2022) Correlation of advanced glycation end products and heme oxygenase-1 in  Korean diabetic patients. J Nutr Health 55: 348-358.

Google Scholar

7. Koca TT,  Göğebakan H,  Koçyiğit BF,  Nacitarhan V, Yildir CZ (2019) Foot functions in ankylosing spondylitis.Clin Rheumatol 38: 1083-1088.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

8. Koumakis E, Gossec L, Elhai M, Burki V, Durnez A, et al. (2012) Heel pain in spondyloarthritis: results of a cross-sectional study of 275 patients.Clin Exp Rheumatol30: 487-491.

Indexed at, Google Scholar

9. Ozaras N, Havan N, Poyraz E, Rezvanı A, Aydın T (2016) Functional limitations due to foot involvement in spondyloarthritis.J Phys Ther Sci 28: 2005-2008.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref

10. Hyslop E, McInnes IB, Woodburn J, Turner DE (2010) Foot problems in psoriatic arthritis: high burden and low care provision.Ann Rheum Dis 69: 928-963.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref