Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy
Open Access

Obesity; Weight loss; Overweight; Weight management

Introduction

The majority of previous research that looks into the effectiveness of weight loss interventions does not take into account the psychological changes that come with losing weight. Improvements in mental health were not typically the primary outcome of studies examining psychological correlates. Morbidly obese individuals with concurrent physiological and psychological co-morbidities make up the majority of the samples in these studies. However, there have been documented improvements in some psychological outcomes despite this. A metaanalysis of the psychological outcomes of surgical, pharmacological, and behavioral weight loss interventions for weight loss found that surgical and pharmacological weight loss interventions were associated with significant improvements in depressive symptoms [1]. All kinds of interventions also showed consistent improvements in self-esteem, but behavioral interventions did better than surgical or pharmacological ones. Additionally, the absolute amount of weight lost influenced improvements in self-esteem, with greater weight loss being associated with greater improvements in self-esteem. However, in contrast to self-esteem, improvements in depressive symptoms were not linked to changes in weight. These contradictory results highlight the distinct effects of the intervention and the outcome under investigation. Furthermore, weight loss may not always be necessary to see improvements in psychological outcomes [2].

One common strategy for losing weight is behavioral interventions, which can take many different forms. The following are typical components of these kinds of interventions: i) an effort to comprehend and control eating behavior (such as emotional eating triggers), ii) attitudes toward eating, iii) good nutrition, iv) seeking and making use of social support, and v) physical activity. Additionally, these programs may include exercise instruction and dietary guidance, frequently with caloric restrictions. The program can be prescriptive (for example, a hypo-caloric exercise program with advice and social support for a specific person) or general advice about how to live your life (for example, national government health guidelines for daily exercise and dietary intake). Some behavioral interventions investigate dysfunctional thoughts about weight or body shape and focus on the cognitive aspects of eating behavior. Self-monitoring and cognitive restructuring are used to identify eating behavior triggers and attempt to alter these thought processes to promote healthy eating [3].

Literature Review

With or without exercise, participation in behavioral and/ or dietary weight loss interventions has the potential to reduce weight while simultaneously enhancing psychological outcomes. A better understanding of how weight loss can be promoted and, more importantly, maintained may result from recognizing and comprehending the psychological changes associated with weight loss. As a result, the purpose of this review was to conduct a systematic review as well as a quality assessment of studies that examined the psychological effects of weight loss on a sample of overweight and obese people using a behavioral or dietary weight loss intervention (with or without exercise). The psychological correlates that were measured the most frequently were identified. These correlates are discussed in terms of the consistency of psychological changes and their connection to actual weight loss [4].

Improved self-esteem: Successful weight loss can lead to increased self-esteem and a positive body image. Achieving weight loss goals can boost confidence and improve overall self-worth.

Reduced depression and anxiety: Losing weight can contribute to a reduction in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can have a positive impact on mental well-being, as physical activity stimulates the release of endorphins, which are natural mood-boosting chemicals in the brain [5].

Increased motivation and sense of control: Successfully losing weight requires discipline, commitment, and goal-setting. When individuals achieve their weight loss goals, it can enhance their sense of control over their lives and increase motivation in other areas as well.

Enhanced body satisfaction: Weight loss can lead to improved body satisfaction and body acceptance. Individuals may feel more comfortable and content with their physical appearance, leading to greater overall happiness and well-being.

Improved quality of life: Excess weight can have a negative impact on various aspects of life, such as mobility, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Losing weight can improve physical functioning, increase energy levels, and enable individuals to participate in activities they may have previously avoided [5].

Better psychological resilience: Weight loss often requires perseverance and overcoming challenges. Successfully navigating these obstacles can enhance psychological resilience, making individuals more capable of coping with setbacks and stress in other areas of life.

Reduced stigma and discrimination: Individuals who have experienced weight-related stigma or discrimination may find that weight loss helps reduce these negative experiences. Weight loss can lead to improved social acceptance and decreased prejudice, contributing to better mental health [6].

Discussion

It is important to note that the psychological benefits of weight loss can vary from person to person, and weight loss interventions should be approached holistically, taking into account an individual's unique circumstances and mental health needs [7].

Increased motivation for healthy behaviors: Weight loss achieved through behavioral and dietary interventions often involves adopting healthier habits such as regular exercise and balanced eating. As individuals witness the positive effects of these behaviors on their weight loss journey, they may become more motivated to continue practicing them, leading to long-term health benefits [8].

Improved body image perception: Weight loss can positively influence body image perception. As individuals shed excess weight and adopt healthier habits, they may develop a more realistic and positive perception of their bodies, focusing on overall health and well-being rather than solely on appearance.

Enhanced social interactions: Weight loss can improve social interactions and relationships. Individuals may experience increased confidence and feel more comfortable engaging in social activities, leading to expanded social networks and a sense of belonging.

Better sleep quality: Weight loss achieved through behavioral and dietary interventions can lead to improved sleep quality. Excess weight can contribute to sleep disturbances such as sleep apnea and snoring. Losing weight can alleviate these issues and promote better sleep, resulting in improved mood and cognitive function.

Reduced risk of psychological disorders: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Weight loss interventions can help mitigate these risks and improve mental health outcomes by promoting healthy lifestyle changes and addressing underlying psychological factors.

Increased self-efficacy: Successful weight loss can enhance an individual's belief in their ability to make positive changes and overcome challenges. This increased self-efficacy can extend beyond weight management and impact other areas of life, such as career goals, relationships, and personal development [9].

Improved stress management: Engaging in weight loss interventions often involves adopting stress management techniques such as mindfulness, relaxation exercises, and physical activity. These strategies can help individuals better cope with stressors and improve overall mental well-being.

Long-term psychological benefits: Sustaining weight loss over the long term can lead to lasting psychological benefits. As individuals maintain healthier habits and weight, they may experience ongoing improvements in self-esteem, body image, and overall mental health [9,10].

Conclusion

It's important to emphasize that weight loss should be pursued in a balanced and sustainable manner, with consideration for an individual's unique needs and preferences. Consulting with healthcare professionals or qualified experts in nutrition and psychology can provide valuable guidance throughout the weight loss journey.

Acknowledgement

None

Conflict of Interest

None

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