Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development
Open Access

The largest increase occurred between modern-day and 0.25 m of SLR (very likely by year 2050) with half of all beachfront shoreline at risk by 0.74 m of SLR. The maximum risk of a shoreline hardening, and the beach loss is projected to occur from the modern-day array and the near-term hardening because of the heavily developed aspects of some shoreline segments. Adaptation to SLR should be an immediate need but not in solely a future issue.

Shorelines are the biggest zones on the Earth surface where the land meets the sea area. Deltas are parts of the shorelines whereas the sediments accumulate and prograde seaward at the river mouths. In recent days roughly 60% of the world’s population like billion people are live within 100 km from shorelines. Shorelines and the deltas are arguably the mostly the complex sedimentary systems because of the highly dynamic nature of the land–ocean interaction levels increase. A sound knowledge of sedimentary processes and the products of a shoreline depositional systems are widely used for the exploitation of natural resources from the olden days of shoreline deposits and for managing modern coasts. This chapter always deals with the sedimentary geological studies of the clastic shoreline systems. Processes related to the river mouth, wave, tide, and bioturbation are discussed and tested experimentally. Various depositional environmental surroundings (e.g., deltas, beach/shoreface, and tidal flats) and their facies are described and includes several modern and ancient examples. Shorelines are an ever-changing feature of the coastal ecosystems and they are responding to wave energy, storm events, and changes in sea level and sediment supply also. Despite of the impermanent nature of the shorelines and humans are addicted drawn to live near them for access to transportation of corridors and the abundant natural resources are available in coastal area ecosystems. Slope may be an important factor in shoreline development system and the expression. If a shoreline has an extent shallow regional slope, the adjacent water body dissipates much of its energy through basal friction. Thus, shallow slopes produce an extensive, but subtle, shoreline features. Conversely, if the shoreline topography is steep.

Shoreline assessment of the data management teams are used widely by the primarily to prevent the potential bottlenecks in the decision-making cycle caused by the need to process the field data and make sure that the field data are used in the planning process. This bottleneck may arise because of the survey teams do not have time to process the data themselves or because the survey coordinator does not have the time to produce the shoreline assessment summaries.