Advances in Crop Science and Technology
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Ecosystem; Erosion; Slopes; Cross country; Soil characteristics; Mountain gray-brown soils; Degraded

Introduction

Preservation and effective use of natural resources and the environment in the Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the important components of the State’s socio-economic policy. Multiple national programs adopted in this area cover a fairly wide range of land covering the urgent solution of disputes. It should be noted that for the purpose of preserving the rich flora and fauna of the country, the establishment and expansion of national parks and forests,, cleaning of contaminated soils and water basins, modernization of hydro meteorological service, etc. is being used to address important environmental problems. Elimination of ecological environment in the territory of the Republic, reduction of forests, meadows, useful land of agricultural destination, elimination in some places, violation of biological diversity of some plants and animals, etc. increasing the relevance and relevance of the ecosystem assessment as a whole [1].

The soil cover has been formed as an important component of the biosphere and as a result of the influence of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors forming the earth as a free nature. Soil ecosystems and their erosion are the main criteria that constitute the basis for biological activity, plant productivity cultivated on the soil, and the environmental assessment of the product obtained by evaluating soil and its forming factors in such interactions [2].

Degradation of soil and its ecological assessment, as well as one of the new areas of soil science, explain the ecological nature of the processes occurring in the soil and its causes, its dynamics and legitimacy on scientific grounds. In this regard, the land affected by the natural and anthropogenic impacts, as well as in all natural areas of the Republic, covers a wide range of areas in the Shamakhi region, which covers the southeastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus [3]. The total area of the district is 215875.0 hectares, of which 127.5 thousand hectares (58.7%) are 55.8 thousand hectares (25.7%) of various degraded soils, 28.3 min hectares (13.0%) and 43.4 thousand hectares (20.0%) were subject to severe erosion. The relief of the Shamakhi region is very complicated and erosion is widespread in the region as a result of anthropogenic pressure [4].

Strongly affecting the occurrence of erosion, the sharp change in relief, the form of slopes, the amount of falling rainfall, the intensity and duration, the economic activity of people and other factors [5].

Because of the ignorance of the soil on the slopes used under the plow, these areas have been completely deteriorated. The Shamakhi region’s agricultural zone is mainly composed of low, medium, mountainous, and mountainous plains. The erosion process in the mountain farming zone has intensified and has spoiled large areas. The use of sown areas in the slopes for a long time under the same plant, especially under grain crops, the application of herbaceous crop rotations, and the lack of organic fertilizers have further erode [6].

It can be said that species and species of erosion are found in Shamakhi region.In the Shamakhi region, mountain gray-brown soils cover a wide area and are mainly used under grain crops. Mountain gray-brown soils are at a height of 500-600 meters above sea level. In soil exposed to intensive anthropogenic tension, erosion has aggravated the agrochemical composition of the soils and agrophysiological properties. The gray-brown soils of the mountain form a transition between the forest steppe and plain zones and differ significantly from those spread out in those zones [7].

Material analysis and Discussion

From our research, it is clear that the brown brown, brown-brown soils used intensively in agriculture in the middle and low mountainous areas of the region are more eroded.

The study was carried out in gray-brown soils and the effect of erosion on nutrients was investigated. The damage caused by erosion to soil fertility can be traced to the morphological features of the soil cuts and the results of the analyzes carried out in the natural field [8].

Research progress

Some soil-agrochemical characteristics of these soils have been studied to determine the effects of the erosion process on the fertility of the studied soils. The analysis of the research materials suggests that the erosion process has resulted in anthropogenic factors and as a result of hydrotermic conditions, changes in nutrients in these soils and deterioration of some signs.

The mechanical composition of mountain gray-brown soils is heavy-gill and clay, profile carbonate. The majority of the clay and white clays on the lower layers of the middle layer of the soil profile and moderately eroded in the erosion are related to the illudial layer of these soils [9].

It has been established that the amount of physical clay on the upper layers of the gray-brown soils (0-13, 13-31 cm) not exposed to erosion is 54,48-59,60%, humus 3,13-3,34%, total nitrogen 0,13- 0,16%, absorbed ammonia 64,35-76,70 mg/kg, water-soluble ammonia 15,21-17,70 mg / kg, nitrates 4,39-5,90 mg/kg total phosphorus 0,20 (Ca + Md) 34,% of total potassium 3,07-3,11%, exchanged potassium 344,19-359,49 mg / kg, carbonate 7,27-10,39% Varies between 41-39,08 mq.ekv (100 g of land) [10].

Conclusion

Thus, on the basis of the studies carried out, it can be concluded that in order to obtain a high and qualitative harvest of winter wheat grain and restore fertility of soils on gray-brown, long-irrigated soils to this zone, it is recommended that traditional farms (loosening 20-22 cm) and minimal tillage, also the use of fertilizers annually in the norm of manure is 10t / ha + N60P90K60 kg / ha. As a result, both cultivation of soil treatments and the rate of fertilizers are recommended, in addition, after 3 years the minimum treatment should be replaced by a traditional one.

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