Advances in Crop Science and Technology
Open Access

Water resources; Automated control; Agricultural production; Irrigated land; Irrigation optimization

Introduction

Irrigated soils in Azerbaijan cover 1.45 thousand hectares of area. It is believed that the factors that directly affect the increase in crop yields and the increase in productivity in this area of each hectare of arable land and agricultural land with minimal labor and resources also include the use of automation. Automated irrigation increases the efficiency of all intensification factors: chemicalization, complex mechanization, varietal renewal, intensive technology, etc. It allows creating large zones of guaranteed production of agricultural crops. For all this, methods of correct regulation of water consumption and plant nutrition by means of irrigation, depending on weather conditions, are being studied. To this end, we have developed and implemented in the production of the design of automated control systems for low-intensity irrigation systems based on an auto-oscillating micro-sprinkler, which has successfully passed the resource test, tested on cultivated soils under an orchard, in the Guba-Khachmas zone at the Shahdag foothills located above the sea level at an altitude of 600 meters with a slope of 0.02 [1,2].

Designs and functional description of SMO AU

And so, for the operational control of weather conditions in the region, necessary for solving the problems of planning and operational management of irrigation of agricultural fields, measurement sensors with transducers are installed at the local hydro meteorological station for telemetric counting of measurements of the main parameters [3].

• Wind speed-V analog signal (TIT) with a period of recording parameter values in a cycle of 30 minutes.

• Air temperature-TV, analog signal (TIT) with a period of recording parameter values in a cycle of 30 minutes.

• Air humidity-Ww, analog signal (TIT) with a period of recording parameter values in a cycle of 30 minutes.

• The counting of the parameter values in the telemetric code is carried out by an intelligent object controller (CO) installed in the transformer station through a radio channel that communicates with the transducers.

• In the CO, the counted telemetry codes undergo primary processing, averaging and are recorded in the operative memory, where they are stored until they are counted out by the communication controller (CS) installed in the operational control room of the technological process (ASMO)-the operator room.

• To control and manage the power supply of the ASMO facilities and metering the power consumption at the transformer station (TP) (see the structural diagram of the irrigation automated process control system), transducers are installed:

• Measuring the voltage at the input to the TS-U (analog signal (TIT);

• Measuring the load of consumers-IU (analog signal (TIT);

• Metering of electricity consumption-Wh (discrete integrated signal-TII;

• Control of the position of the switches (turning on-turning off electrical consumers)-SS

• (Discrete signal TCC position).

The report of the parameter values in the telemetric code is carried out by the intelligent object controller (CO) via local wired communication channels and, after their primary processing and averaging, are recorded in the RAM [4].

For monitoring and controlling the technological process of water intake, sedimentation tanks (treatment facilities) and a pumping station (devices for water pressure rise in pipelines), transducers are turbidity of water in sedimentation tanks-M (analog signal TIT, read in a cycle of 30 min);

• b) the water level in the settling chambers-H (analog signal TIT, read in a cycle of 30 min);

• water pressure-P installed on the discharge of pumps, collection and distribution manifolds

• (analog signal TIT, read in a cycle of 30 min);

• d) measuring the load of electric motors-I (analog signal TIT, read in a cycle of 30 min);

• e) valve positions-ПЗ (discrete signal TCC, read in 1 s cycle); • f) the positions of the power switches-VP-(discrete signal TCC, read in a cycle of 1 s);

• g) alarm-AC (discrete signal TCA, read in 1 s cycle, priority); • h) Measuring the flow rate of water supplied by the pumps and in the distribution pipeline-Q (integrated signal of TII processed in a cycle of 1 hour).

Monitoring of the soil condition and control of the technological process of irrigation is carried out for individual irrigation fields based on measurements of agrophysical and technological parameters by transducers:

• Soil moisture VLP-(analog signal TIT with recording in a cycle of 30 min);

• Evaporation of water from the soil surface-ISP--(analog signal TIT with recording in a cycle of 30 min);

• soil temperature-to-(analog signal TIT with recording in a cycle of 30 min);

• water consumption for irrigation through the distribution pipeline of the site-Q-(integrated signal with a record in a cycle of 30 min);

• switching on the GCS-discrete signal readable in a cycle of 30 s;

• Positions of switching valves-(discrete signal of the TCC position-reading cycle 30 s).

The signal report in the telemetric code is carried out by the intelligent object controller of the field via radio communication channels and, after their primary processing and averaging by the processor, are recorded in the RAM [5 ,6].

Entering operational data into a computer and forming a database (OBD)

The data recorded in the operative memory of the object controllers (CO) are counted out programmatically via radio and wire communication channels by the communication controller (CC) connected to the computer of the dispatching point (DP) low-intensity irrigation system with automated control, according to given regulations and are recorded in its operative memory in the structure of a telemetry file. The computer, according to the exchange programs, reads out the data from the operating memory of the CS, recodes them and writes them into the operational database, from which it displays them in real time for display on mnemonic diagrams, and after linearization and averaging, the data on their codes are programmatically recorded into the storage databases, the structures of which are given in information support, and this forms the Data Bank of the complex of ASMO tasks. Information flows of the automated low-intensity irrigation system (ASMO) [7,8 ].

Before recording to the Data Bank, the measurement data flow is analyzed according to the specified algorithms and, if the analysis results have deviations from the settings specified in the settings, it is written to the operational control base (OCU) of the technological process.

The operational control base is programmed according to the cycle specified in the regulations by the control module for technological directions and, if there are deviations in the data records, generates a control signal in this direction to the required executive body [9,10].

Conclusion

Intensive development of agricultural production in the field of cultivation, realization of the following with the aim of the best satisfaction of the needs of industry in raw materials and the population working in the newly formed cooperative structures. Increase the level of effective use of water, the implementation of economic plans for the use of water at the expense of economic resources, such as the capacity or capacity of 1000 m3 of water resources. Scientific confirmation of zoning and specialization of agricultural crops on the basis of new research on cultivation or diamond cultivation, as well as triple crop of agricultural culture. It is necessary to take measures to strengthen the material and technical base with the introduction of a newly developed system of automated management of agricultural production. Relative to the growing system contributing to the increase in crop yields of agricultural crops. Soil and climatic conditions of administrative districts should be taken into account when developing economically efficient norms of agricultural culture.

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