Rice Research: Open Access
Open Access

Leaf Diseases Caused by Fungi and microorganism. Leaf spots area unit sometimes rather definite spots of variable sizes, shapes, and colors. Leaf Blights,Rusts,Powdery Mildew, mildew. Fungi area unit the foremost common parasites inflicting disease. Most area unit microscopic plants that prey on living inexperienced plants or on dead organic material. Once they attack living plants, an illness results however there are not any signs of the infectious agent itself, as compared to visible spores of plant pathogens associate degreed microorganism ooze or water-soaked lesions of microorganism spots because the viruses area unit tough to visualize and needs a microscope for detection [1]. Fungi sometimes manufacture spores that, once carried to a plant, will begin associate degree infection. These spores could also be carried from plant to plant by wind, water, insects, and instrumentality. So as for plant spores to start new infections, adequate wet and therefore the right air temperature area unit needed. A plant wound is typically conjointly required as associate degree entry for the plant. Plant diseases area unit common throughout wet, wet seasons. Microorganism area unit one-celled microscopic organisms. Some attack living plants and cause disease. Microorganisms are often carried from plant to plant by wind, rain splash, insects, and machinery. Leaf spots area unit sometimes rather definite spots of variable sizes, shapes, and colors. There is nearly forever a particular margin. Typically the spot, which can be caused by microorganisms or fungi, is enclosed by a yellow halo. If caused by a plant, there is nearly forever plant growth of some sort within the spot, notably in damp weather. This plant growth could also be small pimple-like structures, usually black in color, or a musty growth of spores. Leaf blights area unit typically larger pathologic areas than leaf spots and additional on an irregular basis form. Rusts usually manufacture spots like leaf spots, however, the spots area unit referred to as pustules. The host-specific characteristic of the many leaf spot infectious agents makes diversity in plant species how to cut back and regulate leaf spot pathogen infection levels inside plant population [2]. Mildew may be a superficial, white to lightweight grey, powdery to grainy growth on leaves, however, may occur on stems and flowers. Mildew symptoms area unit pale chromatic to yellow areas on the higher leaf surface lightweight grey to chromatic musty growth on the side of the leaf. Apply sulfur sprays or copper-based fungicides weekly initially sign of sickness to stop its unfold. These organic fungicides will not kill leaf spot, however, forestall the spores from germinating.pathogens make diversity in plant species the simplest way to scale back and regulate leaf spot infective agent infection levels inside plant populations [3]. Used as a preventive and an energetic treatment, Daconil antimycotic will forestall, manage, or stop quite sixty-five styles of flora sickness on flowers, vegetables, shrubs, fruit, and shade trees.

References

1. Isleib J (2012) Michigan State University Extension.Signs and symptoms of plant disease.
2. Dicklow M (2019) Leaf Spot Diseases of Floricultural Crops Caused by Fungi and Bacteria.
3. Rottstock T (2014) Higher plant diversity promotes higher diversity of fungal pathogens, while it decreases pathogen infection per plant. Ecology. 95: 1907– 1917.