Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access
Open Access

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an ischemic heart condition thanks to the narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting from atherosclerosis. Blood biomarkers are well utilized for the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD. However, the worth of biomarkers for evaluating coronary atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. The potential value of biomarkers for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in CAD patients. Plasma concentrations of CPP and PTX3 were significantly elevated in patients with high GS, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CPP and PTX3 were positively correlated with the GS. Furthermore, Analysis demonstrated that both CPP and PTX3 exhibited evaluating the extent of coronary stenosis. Cardiovascular disease is that the leading explanation for mortality and morbidity worldwide, during which the foremost common type is arteria coronaria disease (CAD) [1-2].

The blood biomarker troponin is well established to diagnose acute myocardial infarct (AMI) because it's greater sensitivity and specificity for determining heart muscle damage timely; while other biomarkers, for instance, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, only a few biomarkers are available for determining the severity of coronary stenosis. Various cardiac biomarkers are capable to assess the guts function from different aspects of pathophysiological changes. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), known to secrete into circulation in response to excessive stretching of cardiomyocytes, may be a marker for left ventricular dysfunction and coronary failure [3]. Copeptin (CPP), a surrogate marker of vasopressin with a extended half-life for a neater immunological testing, is said to acute coronary syndrome. Phosphodiesterase9A(PDE9A) A cGMP specific enzyme is expressed in human cardiac muscle cells and upregulated by cardiac hypertrophy. Pentraxin3 (PTX3), a rapid biomarker produced in response to inflammation, has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, myocardial infarct, and angiogenesis with conflicting results [4].

Patients were included if they were diagnosed as stable CAD by a cardiologist supported the mixture of clinical symptoms and findings on electrocardiogram/ echocardiogram/coronary angiogram, aged between 55 and 80 years old, and consented to participate within the study. Patients with cognitive impairment, active pericarditis or myocarditis, deep vein thrombosis, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abnormal electrolytes like potassium, sodium and calcium were excluded.

References

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2. Croce A, Brunati P, Colzani C, Terramocci R, Favero S. et al (2017) A Rational adoption of the highly sensitive assay for cardiac troponin I in diagnostic routine. Dis. Markers :1-11
3. Baltrūnienė V, Bironaitė D, Kažukauskienė I, Bogomolovas J, et al (2017) The role of serum adiponectin for outcome prediction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure .Biomed. Res. Int : 1-13
4. Cao R.Y, Zheng H, Guo J, Redfearn D.P (2016) Prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a review of advances in the past decade. Biomarkers Med., 10 (5) :525-535