Journal of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Open Access

Mitral valve prolapse; Heart valve infection; Tricuspid Valve; Aortic Valve

Introduction

Many heart valve issues area unit 1st known by the presence of a murmur, or sound that may be detected by being attentive to the heartbeat with a medical instrument. A murmur could sound sort of a “whooshing” noise as blood flows from one chamber to subsequent, or it should sound like an additional click once a valve permits back flow. Some murmurs area unit harmless. Others will indicate AN underlying drawback with the valve. If a murmur is detected, here is a unit some attainable causes. Heart valve sickness may be a fairly common drawback with the valves that keep your blood flowing in one direction through your heart. Medicines will facilitate with the blood flow issues from a heart valve that isn’t operating right, however generally that’s not enough. Your aid supplier will tell you if you would like to possess your valve repaired or replaced. Heart valve sickness refers to any of many conditions that forestall one or additional of the valves in your heart from operating right. Left untreated, heart valve sickness will cause your heart to figure more durable.

Discussion

Some folks with heart valve sickness won't have symptoms for several years. Once signs and symptoms occur, they may include:

• Whooshing sound (heart murmur) once a doctor is being attentive to the center with a medical instrument

• Chest pain

• Abdominal swelling (more common with advanced tricuspidate regurgitation)

• Fatigue

• Shortness of breath, significantly once active or lying down

• Swelling of your ankles and feet

• Dizziness

• Fainting

• Irregular heartbeat

This may cut back your quality of life and even become grave. In several cases, your aid supplier will do surgery or a minimally invasive procedure to repair or replace your heart valves, restoring traditional operate and permitting you to come back to traditional activities. Oxygen-poor blood comes back from your body to your heart’s atrium of the heart, and then goes through your atrioventricular valve and into your ventricle [1,2].

From there, it goes through your semilunar valve and artery to urge element from your lungs. Blood with element returns through your respiratory organ veins to your heart’s atrium of the heart. Your left atrioventricular valve lets the blood travel from the atrium of the heart to your heart ventricle. From there, oxygen-rich blood goes through your semilunar valve and out through your artery to the remainder of your body. Your valves accommodates little flaps of tissue (called leaflets) that hospitable enable blood to maneuver forward through your heart throughout half your heartbeat. These leaflets getting ready to forestall blood from flowing backward throughout the opposite half your heartbeat. Your left atrioventricular valve has 2 leaflets; however the others have 3 leaflets. The leaflets in 2 of your valves (the mitral and tricuspid) even have robust, fibrous strands of tissue referred to as chordae tendineae that connect the valve leaflets to the papillose muscles within the walls of your ventricles. The chordae tendineae and papillose muscles keep the leaflets stable against any backward flow of blood. With controller pathology, the tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve gap and reducing the quantity of blood that may flow through it. Delicate narrowing might not cut back the functioning of your heart. However, the valve will become therefore slim (stenotic) that it reduces your heart’s operate, makes your heart pump more durable and puts it below strain. As a result, the remainder of your body might not get enough blood flow. Controller insufficiency (or regurgitation, incompetence, "leaky valve"), happens once the leaflets don’t shut fully, material possession blood leak backward across the valve. This backward flow is observed as “regurgitant flow.” Your heart should pump more durable to form up for this backward flow, and therefore the remainder of your body could get less blood flow. It’s common for folks with heart valve sickness to be while not symptoms [3-5].

However once the center valve drawback worsens, your heart beats more durable to form up for the reduced blood flow. Many medical tests may also show heart valve sickness. Continuance tests over time will facilitate your supplier see the progress of your valve sickness and facilitate them build choices concerning your treatment. Heart valve diseases area unit issues touching one or additional of the four valves within the heart. Heart valves open and shut with every heartbeat to stay blood flowing within the right direction. Issues with heart valves will occur if the valves area unit leaky (a condition referred to as regurgitation), too slim (stenosis), or don’t have a correct gap (atresia). The causes of heart valve diseases vary from person to person. You’ll change state with a heart valve drawback, or it's going to happen attributable to age or associate infection. You’ll even have a heart valve drawback however not expertise any symptoms. Or, your symptoms might develop over time. Extreme weariness (fatigue) is commonly the primary symptom. You’ll conjointly feel faint or lose consciousness, have respiration problem or pain, or feel that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or racing. Most heart valve conditions area unit treatable. Medication might treat symptoms or forestall the condition from obtaining worse. Your doctor might also counsel surgery or another procedure to repair or replace a faulty heart valve. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, heart valve issues will result in cardiopathy, infection, high pressure level within the lungs, cardiopathy, or cardiopulmonary arrest. Your heart valves lie at the exit of every of your four heart chambers and maintain unidirectional blood flow through your heart. The four heart valves check that that blood continuously flows freely in an exceedingly forward direction which there's no backward outpouring. Blood flows from your right and left atria into your ventricles through the open angulate and mitral valves. Once the ventricles area units full the angulate and mitral valves shut. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria whereas the ventricles contract. Because the ventricles begin to contract, the pulmonary and arterial blood vessel valves area unit forced open and blood is tense out of the ventricles. Blood from the correct ventricle passes through the open pulmonary valve into the arterial pulmonalis, and blood from the ventricle passes through the open semilunar valve into the arterial blood vessel and also the remainder of the body [6-8].

When the ventricles end getting and start to relax, the arterial blood vessel and pulmonary valves shut. These valves forestall blood from flowing into the ventricles. This pattern is continual over and over with every heartbeat, inflicting blood to flow endlessly to the guts, lungs, and body. Controller pathology this happens once a heart valve does not totally open thanks to stiff or amalgamated leaflets. The narrowed gap might build the guts work terribly arduous to pump blood through it. This could result in cardiopathy and different symptoms. All four valves will develop pathology; the conditions area unit known as angulate stenosis, pulmonary pathology, valvular heart disease, or stricture. Controller insufficiency conjointly known as regurgitation, incompetence, or "leaky valve," this happens once a valve doesn't shut tightly. If the valves don't seal, some blood can leak backward across the valve. Because the leak worsens, the guts needs to work more durable to create up for the leaky valve, and less blood might flow to the remainder of the body. Betting on that valve is affected; the condition is named angulate regurgitation, respiratory organ regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, or arterial blood vessel regurgitation [9-10].

Heart valve sickness will develop before birth (congenital) or is no heritable someday throughout one's period of time. Valve issues are gift at birth or caused by infections, heart attacks, or cardiovascular disease or harm. The most sign of hheart valve sickness is associate uncommon heartbeat sound known as a symptom. Your doctor will hear a symptom with a medical instrument. However many folks have heart murmurs while not having a retardant. Heart tests will show if you have got a heart valve sickness. Some valve issues area unit minor and don't want treatment. Others would possibly need medication, medical procedures, or surgery to repair or replace the valve. Heart valve disorders will have an effect on any of the valves in your heart. Your heart valves have flaps that open and shut with every heartbeat, permitting blood to flow through the hearts higher and lower chambers and to the remainder of your body. The higher chambers of the guts area unit the atria, and also the lower chambers of the guts area unit the ventricles [9,10].

Conclusion

Once the ventricles have crammed with blood, they start to contract, forcing the respiratory organ and arterial blood vessel valves to open. Blood then flows to the arterial pulmonalis and arterial blood vessel. The arterial pulmonalis carries deoxygenated blood from the guts to the lungs. The aorta that is body’s largest artery carries oxygen rich blood to the remainder of your body. the guts valves work by making certain that blood flows in an exceedingly forward direction and doesn’t copy or cause outpouring. If you have got a heart valve disorder, the valve isn’t able to do that job properly. This could be caused by an outpouring of blood that is named regurgitation, a narrowing of the valve gap that is named pathology, or a mix of regurgitation and pathology.

Acknowledgement

None

Conflict of Interest

None

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