Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology
Open Access

Architecture; Construction; Buildings

Introduction

Ancient Rome was a hub of architectural innovation, marked by the construction of iconic structures such as the Colosseum, the Pantheon, and the Roman Forum. The Romans were known for their engineering prowess, and they created many impressive structures that still stand today. The Roman Forum was the political and religious centre of the city, and the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. These structures were designed to inspire awe and demonstrate the power and might of the Roman Empire [1, 2].

Medieval Rome: From glory to decline

In the Middle Ages, Rome underwent a period of decline and neglect. Many of the ancient structures were abandoned and fell into disrepair. However, new structures emerged, including churches and monasteries, which reflected the religious and cultural values of the time. The Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano and the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore are prime examples of this architectural style. The medieval period also saw the rise of defensive structures such as Castel Sant'Angelo and the walls surrounding the city [3, 4].

During the Renaissance, Rome experienced a revival of art and architecture. The popes of the time were patrons of the arts, and they commissioned many of the great masterpieces of this era. The most famous of these works is undoubtedly the Sistine Chapel, with its stunning ceiling painted by Michelangelo. Other notable structures from this period include the Palazzo Farnese, the Villa Farnesina, and the Piazza del Campidoglio, which was designed by Michelangelo himself. The Baroque period marked a departure from the classical ideals of the Renaissance. Baroque architecture emphasized drama and emotion, using bold, sweeping curves, and elaborate ornamentation. The Fontana di Trevi is a prime example of this style, with its grandiose design and theatrical water features. Other notable Baroque structures in Rome include the Church of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, the Church of Sant'Agnese in Agone, and the Palazzo Barberini [5, 6].

In the 18th and 19th centuries, there was a renewed interest in classical architecture, which had been largely abandoned during the Baroque period. This neoclassical movement saw a return to the classical ideals of ancient Rome, with a focus on simplicity, balance, and proportion. The most famous example of neoclassical architecture in Rome is the monumental Altare della Patria, also known as the Victor Emmanuel II Monument, which dominates the skyline of the city [7, 8].

Discussion

In the 20th century, Rome underwent significant changes as it became a modern metropolis. The city experienced rapid growth and urbanization, which led to the construction of many new buildings and infrastructure. Modern architectural styles such as Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Rationalism emerged during this period. The EUR district, built during the Fascist era, is a prime example of this style.

Conclusion

Rome's architectural changes throughout history have played a significant role in shaping the city's character. Today, Rome is a vibrant and diverse city that blends ancient and modern architecture in a unique and compelling way [9,10].

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