Rice: Importance and Future

Arash Zibaee

doi:10.4172/jrr.1000e102

ISSN: 2375-4338

Rice Research: Open Access

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Rice: Importance and Future

Arash Zibaee^*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
Corresponding Author :	Arash Zibaee Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Guilan, Iran Tel: 0911-237-9585 Fax: 0131-6690281 E-mail: arash.zibaee@guilan.ac.ir
Received November 18, 2013; Accepted November 19, 2013; Published November 21, 2013
Citation: Zibaee A (2013) Rice: Importance and Future. J Rice Res 1:e102. doi: 10.4172/jrr.1000e102
Copyright: © 2013 Zibaee A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Cereals are one of the important foods for growing population of human. Approximately 50% of consumed calories by the whole population of humans depend on wheat, Rice and maize [1]. Although rice has the second place because of planted area but it serves as the most important food source for Asian countries mainly in south-east parts where it is an economic crop for farmers and workers who grow it on millions of hectares throughout the region [2]. Historically, rice was cultivated l0000 years ago in the river valleys of South and Southeast Asia and China and it served as the most important food for people. Although Asia is the main place of rice cultivation but it was harvested in other continents like Latin America, Europe, some parts of Africa and even USA [1].
Since rice provides 21% of energy and 15% of protein for human, its quantity and quality requires major attention [1]. Although these two factors could be improve by biotechnological approaches but there is a key constraint on production of this economical crop worldwide. Rice pests and diseases cause annually the significant loss of rice production. Several insects attack rice including Rice Water Weevil, Rice Stink Bug, Fall Armyworm, Chinch bug, Mexican rice borer, sugarcane borer, grasshoppers, Blister Beetles and Leafhoppers. This is only the half problem because many pathogens also cause severe damages as blast, Rice yellow mottle virus and Bacterial blight [3].
Several biotechnological approaches are adopted to increase quality and quantity of rice as well as its resistance to pests, diseases and environmental stresses [4]. These approaches have now increased quality and quantity of rice production by (i) transfer of economically important traits from genus/species barrier into the rice gene pool, (ii) manipulation of target trait without disruption to the non-target regions of the rice genome and (iii) shortening the breeding cycle [3]. These advantages come from several techniques including DNA marker technology for enhancing precision in rice breeding, genetic engineering for transferring agronomically useful traits across species barrier that cannot be achieved by conventional means and Application of genomic tools for identifying new and useful genes/alleles [3].
Apart from the above mentioned aspect, efficient and safe control of rice pests and diseases are undergoing to prevent any exotic yield loss. Although spraying by chemical insecticides is the main tactic to eliminate presence and damages of pests but several other tactics along with biotechnological control are used by farmers. Because of rising concerns on environmental pollution, resurgence, resistance and emerging of secondary pests caused by synthetic chemicals, researchers and farmers are seeking for safer and more efficient tactics such as using insect growth regulators, biocontrol agents, sanitation and etc [5]. For example, we have conducted several experiments to elucidate physiological efficiency of Andrallus spinidens F. (Hemiptera) and several entomopathogenic to cope population outbreaks of rice striped stem borer in Iran where it has been resistant to diazinon as common used insecticides there [6,7].
Taken collectively, importance of rice not only as a food but also as income leads to bring pile of researches as well. So, OIMICS publication group established a journal entitled “Rice Research: Open Access” to brings all these researches to a unique platform. On the other hands, RR intends to publish complete, reliable and recent sources of information as original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications and etc. JRR is proud to announce that first number of journal has successfully been published in 2013 and it wants to continue its way to reach a great reputation among researches around the world. The submitted manuscripts will be rigorously and rapidly reviewed by experts in rice science. Editorial board of JRR is eagerly to have highquality research results.
References
Gnanamanickam SS (2009) Rice and Its Importance to Human Life. Prog Biol Con 8: 1-11. Gomez KA (2001) Rice, the grain of culture. The Siam Society, Thailand. Reissig WH, Heinrichs EA, Litsinger JA, Moody K, Fiedler L, et al. (1985) Illustrated Guide to Integrated Pest Management in Rice in Tropical Asia. Inter Rice Res Inst Philippines. Datta SK (2004) Rice Biotechnology: A Need for Developing Countries. J Agrobiotechnol Manag Econ 7: 31-35 Zibaee A, Sendi J, Alinia F, Ghadamyari M, Etebari K (2009) Diazinon resistance in different selected strains of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), rice striped stem borer, in the north of Iran. J Econ Entomol 102: 1189-1196 Sorkhabi-Abdolmaleki S, Zibaee A, Hoda H, Hosseini R, Fazeli-Dinan M (2013) Proteolytic compartmentalization and activity in the midgut of Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). J Entomol Acarol Res 45: 33-41. Zibaee, Malagoli D (2014) Immune response of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae to different entomopathogenic fungi. Bull Entomol Res.