Journal of Oncology Research and Treatment
Open Access

Professor David Julius has been granted the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) networks. As a result, it can be seen how essential TRP channels are in human equilibrium and pathophysiology. Transient receptor potential channels regulate intracellular metabolic processes by recognizing external cues such as pressure, temperature, osmotic pressure, and substance makeup. The tumour milieu varies dramatically during the course of cancer. These modifications cause a chain of intracellular increase via different receptors. Transient receptor potential channels may be key transporters in this complicated network. TRPV, TRPA, TRPC, TRPM, TRPML, TRPN, and TRPP are the seven members of the TRP channel family.

Many studies have shown that the TRP family is linked to tumour proliferation, stimulation of growth signals, and resilience to apoptosis. The TRPV family has received the most attention, and it has been discovered to be variably expressed in many tumours.

TRPV1-6 is the six members of the TRPV receptor family. TRPV1-4 is calcium ion dependent, whereas TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium ion dependent. TRPV1 is found primarily in sensory neurons' plasma membranes and is involved in the detection of heat signals, pH shifts, and chemicals (such as capsaicin) in the extracellular environment, thus playing an essential part in the creation of pain and temperature symptoms. TRPV2 is found primarily in cell membranes and has been shown to regulate a number of physiological processes, including the detection of harmful stimuli, the control of immune cell activity, and the regulation of intracellular calcium balance.

TRPV3 is extensively expressed and plays a role in skin barrier development, wound healing, temperature sensing, pruritus, pain, and other processes. TRPV4 is also extensively expressed in a variety of tissues and can detect thermal cues, osmotic pressure shifts, and mechanical strain in the extracellular environment. TRPV4-deficient rodents had significant osmotic instability. TRPV5 and TRPV6 are two channel proteins that have very similar shapes and activities.

Both of these calcium-dependent channels serve a part in calcium homeostasis and calcium-dependent control of cellular processes. TRPV5 is primarily produced in the kidney, whereas TRPV6 is found in the kidney, prostate, uterus, and breast. Despite the fact that there have been an increasing number of studies on TRPV receptors in recent years, the knowledge of the TRPV receptor family in tumors, including their prognostic value and functional alterations in tumors, is still far from complete. As a result, investigating the function of the TRPV family in tumours may yield novel biological indicators useful in directing patient prediction and creating new therapies.

Kidney clear cell carcinoma is the most prevalent and aggressive form of kidney cancer. The tumour milieu of kidney clear cell cancer is characterized by hypoxia, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and immune reediting. Currently, VEGF-targeted treatment aimed at angiogenesis and immune checkpoint drugs aimed at tumour mutations have yielded promising outcomes in kidney clear cell carcinoma.

However, a significant percentage of individuals with renal clear cell carcinoma continue to have poor therapy responses or medication tolerance. As a result, the finding of novel indicators for renal clear cell carcinoma is critical.

Bioinformatics is presently intertwined with cancer studies. Bioinformatics can be used to investigate changes in the transcriptome and immune microenvironment of cancer and find novel biomarkers, giving benchmarks for accurate cancer therapy and prognostic evaluation. The TCGA collection, which contains transcriptomic data and clinical details for a range of cancers, is the most commonly used.

The therapy of renal clear cell carcinoma has entered a new phase with the fast development of genomics in the twenty-first century. Because of VEGF mutations and abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, a new route for tailored therapy of renal clear cell carcinoma has arisen. Immune checkpoint medications have emerged as a popular treatment choice for patients with kidney clear cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, drug resistance is common, leading to a significant number of fatalities, despite the fact that new therapies can improve patient longevity to some degree. As a result, it is critical to investigate possible indicators and devise innovative therapy regimes.

Calcium imbalances are common in a wide range of diseases. Because calcium ions are one of the most efficient second messengers in cells, disrupting them may impair the cells' ability to multiply and invade. Calcium disruption may also be a crucial process in tumour malignant change. The significance of calcium channel studies in malignancy is obvious. The TRPV receptor family is the most researched subgroup of the transient potential receptor family, and it regulates calcium balance.

Previous study has linked TRPV receptors to pain, inflammation, and wound repair. However, there are presently few investigations on TRPV receptors in renal clear cell carcinoma. It is essential to demonstrate the TRPV family's possible involvement in renal clear cell carcinoma. Finally, the TRPV family may be studied further in clear cell kidney cancer. They may play an important part in tumour start, promotion, and progression in ccRCC. The Results could help with the detection and therapy of clear-cell kidney carcinoma, as well as research into the immune milieu.