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The Agriculture, particularly farming, is still a process of producing plants and cattle are known as agriculture. Farming enabled consumers to live in urban areas by establishing access to food from domesticated species, which was a key role in the creation of sedentary modern civilization.

Farming has a rich and illustrious history spanning hundreds and hundreds of years. After gathering wild crops for at minimum 105,000 years, farmers began cultivating them around 11,500 years ago. Goats, sheep, and cow were domesticated around ten thousand years ago. Plants were grown in at least 11 distinct locations throughout the world. Foods, textiles, fuels, and natural resources are the four basic categories of agricultural products (such as rubber). Cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meat, milk, eggs, and fungus are all food classes. Agriculture employs over one-third of the world's workforce, second only to the service sector, despite the fact that, in recent decades, the global trend of a declining number of agricultural workers has continued, particularly in developing countries where smallholding agriculture is being displaced by industrial agriculture and mechanization, which results in massive crop yield increases.

Farming is both a provider and a subject of environmental problems that includes ecological damage, dryness, soil pollution, and global climate change, all of which can lead to losses in agricultural output. Although some are illegal in some places, genetically engineered organisms are commonly employed.

Agricultural production improved productivity starting in the twentieth century. It replaced labour with synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but it resulted in increasing water contamination and frequently involved farm subsidies. Organic, regenerative and sustainable agriculture groups have sprung up in response to the negative environmental effects of conventional agriculture in recent years. The European Union, which first certified organic food in 1991 and began reforming its Common Agricultural Policy in 2005 to phase out commodity-linked farm subsidies, often known as decoupling, has been a major factor behind this trend.

Farming all around the globe are at risk of employment accidents, respiratory disease, vibration hearing loss, skin problems, and cancers associated with chemical use as well as extensive sun damage. Injuries involving agricultural machinery are widespread on industrialized farms, and tractor rollover is a prominent cause of fatal agricultural injuries in developed countries. Pesticides and other agricultural chemicals can be harmful to workers' health, and employees who are exposed to pesticides are more likely to become ill or have children with birth abnormalities.

Agricultural systems differ from farm to farm, based on available resources and limits, the farm's geography and climate, government policies, economic, social, and political factors, and the farmer's philosophy and culture. Shifting cultivation is a strategy in which forests are burned, releasing nutrients that can be used to sustain the growth of annual and subsequently perennial crops over a long period of time. The farmer then moves to a new plot, leaving the old one fallow to reestablish forest, and returns after several years. If population density rises, the fallow period is shortened, necessitating the addition of nutrients as well as some physical pest management.