Neonatal and Pediatric Medicine
Open Access

New-born; Cord care; New-born bathing; Home deliveries; Institutional deliveries; Birth attendants; Breastfeeding

Introduction

Overall, neonatal mortality has declined by nearly 51% over the past 20 years. The neonatal mortality rate, which was 37/1000 live births in 1990, has declined to about 18/1000 live births in 2021. In 2021, 2.3 million newborns will die in the first four weeks of life, with approximately 6,400 newborns dying every day [1]. However, the decline in neonatal mortality from 1990 to 2021 has slowed relative to infant mortality during the same period. Neonatal mortality has remained stable, especially in non-industrialized countries [2].

India accounts for her 17.7% of the world’s population and accounts for almost one-sixth of all births. India’s neonatal mortality rate has fallen by almost three-quarters over the past 50 years, from 83. 1000 live births in 2020. Several studies refer to early neonatal nursing and first day postpartum neonatal nursing practices to reduce the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality [3].

Newborn care interventions can prevent neonatal deaths. Quality prenatal and perinatal care is essential to reduce neonatal mortality. In India, adverse effects on child survival were due to differing cultural beliefs and practices among ancient traditional populations. Essential and urgent interventions have been introduced, but have not yet taken full root. With this in mind, this study was conducted to determine the factors and neonatal care practices that affect neonatal health in the rural area of Barrielei District [4].

Materials and Methods

Learning settings: The current study was to be conducted in the rural area of Bareilly, served by the Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS) [5].

Study design: An analytical study was conducted from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2022 among all mothers with live babies less than 6 months of age living in selected rural areas of Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted [6].

Sampling: The rate of early breastfeeding initiation is 43% within 1 hour of birth in India (NFHS-4 2015-16). The sample size was determined using a 15% tolerance on prevalence after value replacement. n = 4 pq/d2, p = 43 (rate of colostrum initiation within 1 hour of age), q = (100-p) = 57, d = relative tolerance = 15% of p, n = sample size (n = 239). Considering the non-response rate of 10% (24), the sample size was 263, and we ended up surveying 300. 300 mothers who gave birth to live babies less than 6 months old in the selected villages made up the estimated sample size [7].

Discussion

In this study, most of the survey participants were between the ages of 24 and 29, most lived in normal households, and most were illiterate. A survey conducted by Ethiopia also found that the majority of participants were between the ages of 21 and 35. Regarding educational status, most participants were illiterate or literate [8]. By occupation, most of the participants were housewives. The Ethiopian study also monitored a similar study group. More than three-quarters of home births, 51 (77.2%), have been observed to use a new knife/sterilizer to cut the umbilical cord. Results were consistent with NFHS-4 data [9]. A disposable delivery set (DDK) with clean blades for cord care was observed only 33% of the time. 3, new blades were used to cut the umbilical cord of home births. In contrast, In Meerut showed that a relatively low percentage (63.82%) of parcels used new blades. Another study conducted in Ethiopia. We found that almost half of the deliveries were with new or pre-cooked blades. Old cutlery and unsterilized knives were used in 5 (7.6%) and 3 (4.5%) of his cases in this study. This is higher than the survey found that only 2.1% of couriers used old cutlery and knives. Used at 2.2%. On the contrary, one study found that the overall usage of old cutlery and knives was as high as 21.28% [10].

Conclusions

There were significant differences in neonatal vital care and factors affecting hospital and home mothers. Most of them used new blades/ sterilized instruments to cut the umbilical cord during hospital births, even more so than home births. However, home birth practices such as delaying the initiation of breastfeeding or providing pre-feeding feeding were very commonly observed. Means there are still many gaps in the care of government. India has initiated several maternal and child health programs to reduce neonatal mortality. But it has not reached the poor. The National Health Mission, Janani surakha yojan to promote institutional births, Janani Sishu Suraksha Karyakram to improve newborn care, and the Newborn Action Plan to raise awareness and disseminate the benefits of the programs to the general public so that they can be used possible service.

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