Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials
Open Access

Nano biotechnology

Introduction

Nano biotechnology, often referred to as nanobiotech, is a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. It involves the manipulation, measurement, and application of biological molecules and systems at the nanoscale (typically, at dimensions less than 100 nanometers). This emerging discipline has the potential to revolutionize various industries, particularly healthcare, by enabling innovative diagnostics, targeted therapies, and novel drug delivery systems. In this article, we will explore the fundamentals of nano biotechnology and its diverse applications. Nano biotechnology has not only impacted healthcare but has also extended its influence to diverse areas [1]. In environmental science, it has facilitated the development of nanomaterials for pollution remediation and water purification. In energy, it has enabled the creation of efficient nanoscale materials for renewable energy sources. In agriculture, nano biotechnology has played a role in the development of smart pesticides and nano-fertilizers for sustainable farming practices. The field has opened new avenues in regenerative medicine, offering novel strategies for tissue engineering and organ transplantation. Nano biotechnology also shows promise in the field of neurobiology, where it aids in understanding and treating neurodegenerative diseases [2]. Additionally, it has fostered advancements in materials science, creating stronger and lighter materials with improved mechanical properties.

The basics of nano biotechnology

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials: Nano biotechnology relies on the design and utilization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, such as liposomes, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes, to interact with biological systems. These nanomaterials can be engineered for specific functions, making them invaluable in applications like drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics [3].

Biomolecules at the nanoscale: At the heart of nanobiotech are biomolecules like DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes. Researchers use these molecular building blocks to create nanoscale structures and devices for a wide range of applications, including genetic engineering, drug development, and biosensors.

Applications of nano biotechnology

Targeted Drug Delivery: Nano biotechnology enables the development of nanoparticles that can carry drugs directly to specific cells or tissues within the body [4]. This approach minimizes side effects and enhances drug efficacy, particularly in cancer treatment.

Diagnostics: Nanobiosensors and nanodevices are used for rapid and sensitive detection of diseases and pathogens. They can identify biomarkers in blood or other bodily fluids, allowing for early disease diagnosis [5].

Tissue engineering: Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Scaffolds made from nanomaterials provide a suitable environment for cells to grow and regenerate damaged tissues.

Cancer treatment: Nanobiotechnology is revolutionizing cancer treatment by developing nanoparticles that selectively target cancer cells, delivering therapeutic agents directly to the tumor site, and enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy [6].

Gene therapy: The precise manipulation of genes at the nanoscale can correct genetic defects and treat various genetic disorders. Nanoparticles can deliver therapeutic genes to cells, offering potential cures for genetic diseases.

Challenges and concerns

While nano biotechnology holds immense promise, it also comes with challenges and concerns:

Safety: The potential toxicity of nanoparticles and their long-term effects on the environment and human health are areas of concern [7].

Researchers must carefully assess the safety of nanomaterials used in biotechnological applications.

Ethical and regulatory issues: As with any emerging technology, ethical and regulatory challenges must be addressed [8]. This includes concerns about privacy, consent, and the responsible use of nanobiotechnology.

Standardization: The lack of standardized protocols and characterization techniques for nanomaterials can hinder the translation of research into clinical applications [9,10].

Conclusion

Nano biotechnology is reshaping the way we approach medicine, diagnostics, and even environmental protection. Its applications extend beyond healthcare, reaching fields like agriculture, energy, and materials science. With continued research, stringent safety measures, and responsible practices, nanobiotechnology has the potential to unlock groundbreaking solutions for some of the most challenging problems facing humanity. As this field evolves, it will be essential to strike a balance between innovation and the ethical and safety concerns that come with it, ensuring that the benefits of nano biotechnology are realized for the betterment of society.

1. Ahmed RZ, Patil G, Zaheer Z. (2013) Nanosponges–a completely new nano-horizon: pharmaceutical applications and recent advances. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 39: 1263-1272.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

2. Beetul K, Gopeechund A, Kaullysing D, Mattan-MS, Puchooa D, et al. (2016) Challenges and opportunities in the present era of marine algal applications. Algae-Organisms for imminent biotechnology 40.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

3. Breitling R, Takano E (2015) Synthetic biology advances for pharmaceutical production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 35: 46-51.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

4. Tiwari SK, (2022) Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12: 415.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

5. JohnsonJ, Jain K, Madamwar D (2017) Functional metagenomics: exploring nature's gold mine. In Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27-43.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

6. Rodrigo G, Carrera J, Elena SF (2010) Network design meets in silico evolutionary biology. Biochimie 92: 746-752.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

7. Cornish E (2004) Futuring: The exploration of the future. World Future Society 38.

Indexed at, Google Scholar

8. Bjørge IM, Correia CR, Mano JF (2022) Hipster microcarriers: exploring geometrical and topographical cues of non-spherical microcarriers in biomedical applications. Mater Horiz 9: 908-933.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

9. RubioTM, (2006) Endless versatility in the biotechnological applications of Kluyveromyces LAC genes. Biotechnol Adv 24: 212-225.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar

10. Rawat G, Tripathi P, Saxena RK (2013) Expanding horizons of shikimic acid: Recent progresses in production and its endless frontiers in application and market trends. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97: 4277-4287.

Indexed at, Crossref, Google Scholar