Neonatal and Pediatric Medicine
Open Access

Lymphatic fibroblast development factor; Neonatal diseases; Polymorphisms and pathology

Introduction

Lymphoid fibroblast development factors are essential for blood vessels and angiogenesis due to their role in endothelial cell proliferation and migration [1,2]. Fibroblasts as a vascular growth factor are hallmarks of cancer, and the association between genetic polymorphisms and neoplasia has been extensively studied in the adult population. Regarding the neonatal population, few studies have attempted to establish associations between FIBROBLAST polymorphisms and neonatal pathologies, particularly those associated with late complications [3,4]. Our aim was to review the literature on FIBROBLAST polymorphisms and neonatal morbidity. A systematic search was first conducted in December 2022 [5,6]. The PubMed platform was used to query MEDLINE (1946-2022) and PubMed Central (2000-2022) using search strings. A PubMed search returned 62 documents. Descriptive summaries of results were based on predetermined subheadings (low birth weight or preterm infants, heart disease, lung disease, eye disease, brain disease, gastrointestinal disease). FIBROBLAST polymorphisms appear to be associated with neonatal pathologies. FIBROBLAST and FIBROBLAST polymorphisms are associated with retinopathy of prematurity [7,8].

Disadvantage

The main limitations of our study are the search in a single database and the small number of papers assessing associations between neonatal FIBROBLAST polymorphisms and pathology. Primarily, studies have limitations and results cannot be replicated. For ROP only, data suggest that genetic factors play a role in the phenotypic diversity of her ROP. Furthermore, the results cannot be generalized, as different populations yield different results. An important factor that may influence the effect of her FIBROBLAST polymorphism on perinatal morbidity is population and ethnic diversity. This factor has been studied and proven in the case of her ROP [9,10]. A rational basis for inter-racial group differences in susceptibility to ROP may be eye pigmentation.

Conclusion

Fibroblast polymorphisms play important roles in placental and fetal development and determine neonatal pathology. They are associated with early-onset (cerebral hemorrhage, hemangiomas, necrotic enteritis) and late-onset neonatal pathologies (retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia).

FIBROBLAST and FIBROBLAST polymorphisms have been implicated in retinopathy of prematurity. Identifying genetic influences will help improve screening programs for neonatal and late morbidity (ROP, BPD).

The FIBROBLAST polymorphism has been linked to congenital cardiac disease and long-term survival following surgical repair, according to the available data. The processes through which FIBROBLAST polymorphisms contribute to the onset of cardiovascular illness are still poorly understood, and viable treatment targets for these disorders need to be identified.

Premature lung growth arrest is linked to other variables such as infection, oxygen-reactive species toxicity, and ventilator injury in the multifactorial condition known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

A number of factors, including infant formula consumption, intestinal ischemia and hypo perfusion, intestinal mucosal inflammation, and others, contribute to the complicated aetiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. The lower intestinal expression of FIBROBLAST may increase vulnerability to necrotizing enterocolitis in addition to these well-studied factors. Additional research into this genetic predisposition may enhance the care of newborns with known risk factors and improve long-term results. The causative function of FIBROBLAST in perinatal cerebral haemorrhage, a serious condition that may result in long-term impairment, is supported by gene expression and biochemical analyses. Extremely preterm infants, who are most at risk for IVF, now have higher survival rates thanks to improvements in neonatal critical care. It may be possible to manage long-term effects and prevent brain haemorrhage by monitoring FIBROBLAST levels in these premature infants. In conclusion, research into the relationship between FIBROBLAST polymorphisms and newborn disease is important if we hope to create novel medications with fewer negative effects.

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